1.2.1.3 Chipset

In theory, a processor talks to memory modules directly. In reality, however, an interface sits between a processor and memory modules (and other components) in a computer. The interface is often called the ``chipset'' of a computer. It can consist of many ICs, or a single IC.

The use of a ``chipset'' permits flexibility. For example, to save money, a user can install slower memory in a PC and pay the price of performance. This is possible only because a user can change the configuration of the chipset through the BIOS (basic input/output system) settings.

The chipset of a PC is often subdivided into the ``northbridge'' and ``southbridge''. With the processor at the north pole, the northbridge is ``closer'' to the processor, and it handles the high speed data pathways. The southbridge, being further away from the processor, is responsible for the lower speed data pathways.

Note that many chipsets are not merely reconfigurable and programmable pathways. Many chipsets also include integral circuits for video, sound and other traditionally individual input output devices.